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sources: On percentages of Black Americans in 1870, see
Francis A. Walker, 1870 Census: Vol. 1: The
Statistics of the Population of the United States (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1872), p. xvii, https://www.census.gov/library/publications/1872/dec/1870a.html.
On Democratic (presidential) results, see “United States
Presidential Election of 1876,” Encyclopedia
Britannica, last modified October 31, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1876;
and John M. Cunningham, “United States Presidential Election
of 1880,” Encyclopedia Britannica, last
modified October 26, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1880.
On Democratic governors in order of states on the chart, see Elbert
Watson and David R. Sowell, “Brown, John Calvin
(1827–1889) Papers, 1871–1875,” GP 23, 2007,
Tennessee State Library and Archives, https://sos-tn-gov-files.tnsosfiles.com/forms/GOVERNOR_JOHN_CALVIN_BROWN_PAPERS_1871-1875.pdf;
Beverly Watkins, “Augustus Hill Garland
(1832–1899),” CALS Encyclopedia of
Arkansas, last modified September 11, 2020, https://encyclopediaofarkansas.net/entries/augustus-hill-garland-106/;
“Zebulon Baird Vance, 13 May 1830–14 Apr.
1894,” in William S. Powell, ed., Dictionary of North
Carolina Biography (Chapel Hill: University of North
Carolina Press, 1979), Documenting the American
South, https://docsouth.unc.edu/browse/bios/pn0001702_bio.html;
Michael W. Fitzgerald, “Robert Burns Lindsay
(1870–72),” Encyclopedia of Alabama,
last modified September 26, 2016, http://www.encyclopediaofalabama.org/article/h-1445;
“George Franklin Drew,” Florida Department of State, https://dos.myflorida.com/florida-facts/florida-history/florida-governors/george-franklin-drew/;
“Francis Redding Tillou Nicholls 1877–1880,
1888–1892,” Louisiana Department of State, https://www.sos.la.gov/HistoricalResources/AboutLouisiana/LouisianaGovernors1877-Present/Pages/FrancisTNicholls.aspx;
“Wade Hampton,” History.com, last
modified August 21, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/wade-hampton;
John M. Coski, “James Lawson Kemper
(1823–1895),” Encyclopedia Virginia,
last modified March 23, 2021, https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/kemper_james_lawson_1823-1895;
David G. Sansing, “John Marshall Stone: Thirty-first and
Thirty-third Governor of Mississippi: 1876–1882;
1890–1896,” Mississippi History Now,
December 2003, http://www.mshistorynow.mdah.ms.gov/articles/265/index.php?s=extra&id=133;
Robert Sobel and John Raimo, eds., “Gov. James Milton
Smith,” in Biographical Directory of Governors of the
United States, 1789–1978, Vol. 1 (Westport,
Conn.: Meckler, 1978), National Governors
Association, https://www.nga.org/governor/james-milton-smith/;
David Minor, “Throckmorton, James Webb
(1825–1894),” Texas State Historical
Association, last modified June 15, 2010, https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/fth36;
and Sanders, “Governor Beriah Magoffin,” Kentucky Historical Society, https://explorekyhistory.ky.gov/items/show/37. ∗Figures for Kentucky and Tennessee are given, but they were not part
of Reconstruction, as they had met the conditions before the
Reconstruction Acts were passed.
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